Cultivation During Early Modern Period

The early modern world reflects the process of intensified use of land to expand production in numerous episodes of settler frontiers. Growing population aggressive states and market forces combined to send pioneer settlers into forest or savannas to reclaim land for plow cultivation or commercial pastoralism. Early modern frontiersmen invariably were tied to domestic and international markets for the goods they produced. There is also other side of this which shows that is there are peasant revolts in many areas which seems due to heavy taxation on the peasant who actually pay. In the 16^th and 17^th centuries the rich find its way to escape keeping their land off tax rolls and it may also occur due to the increasing population. The condition of peasantry deteriorated.

A final process was the diffusion of several new technologies – cultivation of new world crops, gunpowder and printing. The new crop like tobacco, coffee, tea, Chocolates, maize were grown which was a result of the new world connection. With these new cultivators, farmer could clear hill forest and profitably grow these highly productive food crops. New world food crops provided a technical breakthrough that stimulated expansion of cultivation throughout china, Japan and Taiwan in the 18^th century. Maize and potatoes added to the productive capacity of Europe and later African agriculture.